Breed Facts
Status:
Graduated 2021
Use:
Dairy
Adult Weight:
1100 – 1600 lbs
Temperament:
Docile
Experience Level:
Novice – Intermediate
Notes:
Hardy, adapted to cold climates and rugged environments, can produce large amounts of milk on forage, long-lived, elegant appearance
Country of Origin:
Scotland
AYRSHIRE CATTLE
Ayrshire cattle are a dairy breed named after its home region of County Ayr in southwestern Scotland. Unlike most other breeds, which trace their origins to landrace populations, the Ayrshire was purposefully developed as a standardized breed. With the goal to increase milk and meat production. This development began in the mid‑1700s when native black & white and black cattle were crossed with Flemish and Teeswater cattle, as well as cattle from the Channel Islands. The breed was recognized in 1814, and selection during the 1800s further improved dairy qualities, with emphasis on milk for cheese and butter production. A herdbook was established in 1877.
Ayrshire Cattle
Ayrshires were first imported to North America in the 1830s, but the majority of imports came after 1850 and reflected more improved types. The breed became especially popular in New England, and Daniel Webster was among its early proponents. Ayrshires also became widespread in eastern Canada. The American Ayrshire Breeders Association was formed in 1895, and the breed’s numbers grew dramatically after 1900.
Ayrshires have alert and active dispositions, and the breed is considered the most stylish of the dairy cattle. Its handsome, lyre‑shaped horns are distinctive. Cattle are white with dark red or reddish-brown spots and speckles. Some cattle have brown legs, giving the appearance of stylish work boots. Ayrshires are medium in size with cows averaging 1,100 pounds and bulls 1,600 pounds.
In spite of their beauty, Ayrshires are best known as hardy, useful cattle that are well adapted to cold climates and rugged environments. Cows are excellent grazers and able to maintain condition, reproduce efficiently, and produce up to 20,000 pounds of milk per year, primarily on a forage diet. The cows’ longevity adds to their value.
Over the last 30 years, the number of registered Ayrshires in North America has declined significantly. The breed cannot compete with the Holstein in milk quantity produced under confinement conditions. On the other hand, the Ayrshire thrives under low‑input, grass-based dairying, and the growth of this production niche has increased interest in the breed. Ayrshire numbers are relatively stable and numerous globally, though the declining status of the North American population has attracted conservation efforts.
Did you know:
The Livestock Conservancy is America’s leading organization working to save over 150 heritage breeds from extinction. We rely on the support of our members, grants, and donations from the public to raise the $700,000 a year needed to maintain our conservation work with rare breeds of farm animals. Click here to learn how you can help.
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Breed Facts
Status:
Graduated 2021
Use:
Dairy
Adult Weight:
1100 – 1600 lbs
Temperament:
Docile
Experience Level:
Novice – Intermediate
Notes:
Hardy, adapted to cold climates and rugged environments, can produce large amounts of milk on forage, long-lived, elegant appearance
Country of Origin:
Scotland
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